破骨细胞及其分化调节机制的研究进展

摘要：Osteoclasts derive from mononuclear hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, which are the major bone resorption cells in the human body and play an important role in the reconstruction of bone. The differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts are regulated by many factors, such as receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand ( RANKL ), macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( MCSF ), interleukin-1 ( IL-1 ), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ), which can promote osteoclast differentiation and increase osteoclast formation. And there are some other factors, such as osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ), which can inhibit osteoclast differentiation and thereby prevent excessive growth of osteoclasts. RANK / RANKL / OPG pathway is the hub of signal transduction in the process of osteoclast mobilization and differentiation. Most cytokines play roles in osteoclast differentiation through this transduction pathway. To explore its mechanism and make feasible and effective measures to prevent the impact which is caused by the increase or reduction of osteoclasts on the organism has become an important research field in recent years.